Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava” Volume 30 (2019),
392-398 p.
DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2019-30-392-398
Savchuk K. O. Professor Johann Baptist Schad and the formation of university sci¬ence of international law in Ukraine at the beginning of the XIX century.
The history of teaching and investigation of international law in the Ukrainian lands is inextricably linked with Kharkiv University which was founded in 1804 on the initiative of the famous educator V.N. Karazin (1773-1842). During the first decades of the University’s existence, a separate chair of international law did not yet exist and teaching of international law was carried out at the chair of natural and public law and the law of nations (natural international law) and the chair of diplomacy and political economy (positive internation¬al law). The first teachers of international law at Kharkiv University were invited experts from abroad — mathematician and economist I. M. Lang (died after 1819), historian B. O. Reith (1770-1824), philosopher and economist L.Ê. Jacob (1759-1827). However, the most prominent figure among these scientists was the first professor of theoretical and practical philosophy of Kharkiv University, an outstanding representative of German classical philos ophy, Johann Baptist Schad (1758-1834) — the author of the fundamental course on natural law «Institutiones juris naturae». Shad’s contribution to the development of the science of international law consists primarily in the fact that in his natural law course «Institues juris naturae» he, although in a rather brief form, shed light on the main issues of international law, to which he devoted a separate chapter, which is called «Jus gentium» (law of nations). He defines the universal law of nations as «natural law itself applicable to nations» and «indi¬cates what obligations and laws nations should mutually respect for each other». In course on natural law «Institutiones juris naturae» J. B. Schad paid attention to the study of fundamental rights of states, the principle of equality of states, international treaties, and the law of war. The philosophical and political-legal doctrine of J. B. Shad largely influenced the formation of the methodological foundations of the Kharkiv school of international law, in which a natu¬ral-legal approach to understanding the essence and legally binding force of international law clearly dominated during almost the entire XIX century.
Key words: history of science of international law, history of Ukrainian science of interna¬tional law, theory of international law, natural law, J. B. Schad.
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