Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava” Volume 30 (2019),
465-473 p.
DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2019-30-465-473
Meniuk Daryna. The exceptional circumstances as a novel of civil procedural legislature of Ukraine
The exceptional circumstances appeared in the civil procedural law of Ukraine in connection with changes to the procedural codes within the framework of judicial reform. The exceptional circumstances in a civil proceeding are: the unconstitutionality (constitutionality) of the law, other legal act or their separate provision, applied (not applied) by the court in the decision of the case, established by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, if the court decision has not yet been executed; the establishment of an international judicial body whose jurisdiction is recognized by Ukraine, violation of Ukraine’s international obligations in resolving this case by a court; establishment of a court verdict which has become legally valid, the guilty of a judge in committing a crime, which resulted in a court decision.
In order to determine the appropriateness of allocating exceptional circumstances by the legislator and separating them from newly discovered, a detailed consideration of each of these circumstances have been done.
For the review by first exceptional circumstance a set of the following conditions is necessary: firstly, unconstitutionality (constitutionality) of the law, other legal act or their separate provisions should be established; second, on the basis of this legal norm (applied or not applied) the court decided the case; thirdly, the court’s decision should not be executed at the time of filing a review application.
For the review by second exceptional circumstance a set of following conditions is necessary: the decision of the international judicial institution; recognition of the jurisdiction of such an international institution; this decision should establish a violation of Ukraine’s international obligations; such a breach should take place in solving a particular case.
For the review of court decisions by the last, but not least, exceptional circumstance, a combination of the following conditions is necessary: a crime committed by a judge, which resulted from a decision on a case; established the fault of a judge in committing such a crime by a court sentence; entry into force of a verdict. The essential thing in this case is that, as a result of the judge’s committing a particular crime during the consideration of the case, which, in turn, was deliberate and deliberate, a deliberately unlawful decision was made in the case.
Thus, review of court decisions under exceptional circumstances is a novel of civil procedural law, which will give a boost to a new stage in the improvement of the civil process in Ukraine. At the same time, the review of legal decisions that are legally valid, if such grounds are present, requires further investigation of them at the doctrinal level in order to determine the right nature of exceptional circumstances. By analyzing purely legislative norms that fix the exceptional circumstances, it is possible to propose their definition as circumstances defined by civil procedural law, the set of conditions of which must be confirmed by binding judgments of national courts or an international judicial institution, and is the basis for review of court decisions, which became legally binding.
Key words: exceptional circumstances, review of court decisions, the civil process of Ukraine.
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